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installation-repair

Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons

Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials.

Median Annual Pay
$48,410
Range: $31,130 - $69,990
Training Time
Less than 6 months
AI Resilience
🟡AI-Augmented
Education
High school diploma or equivalent

🎬Career Video

📋Key Responsibilities

  • Reline or repair ladles and pouring spouts with refractory clay, using trowels.
  • Chip slag from linings of ladles or remove linings when beyond repair, using hammers and chisels.
  • Mix specified amounts of sand, clay, mortar powder, and water to form refractory clay or mortar, using shovels or mixing machines.

💡Inside This Career

The refractory repairer maintains the heat-resistant linings of furnaces, kilns, and industrial vessels—rebuilding the materials that contain extreme temperatures in steel mills, foundries, and other high-heat industrial processes. A typical day involves hot, demanding work in industrial environments. Perhaps 60% of time goes to repair and rebuilding—removing deteriorated refractory materials, preparing surfaces, and installing new linings. Another 25% involves material preparation: mixing refractory compounds to specifications and preparing materials for application. The remaining time splits between equipment maintenance, safety procedures, and coordination with production schedules.

People who thrive as refractory repairers combine physical toughness with craftsmanship and tolerance for the extreme working conditions that proximity to furnaces involves. Successful repairers develop expertise in refractory materials and installation techniques while managing the physical demands of hot, dirty work. They take pride in work that protects both equipment and workers from extreme heat. Those who struggle often cannot tolerate the working conditions near furnaces and kilns or find the physical labor unsustainable. Others fail because they lack the material knowledge that quality refractory work requires.

Refractory repair represents essential maintenance in high-temperature industries. Without proper refractory linings, furnaces would fail, endangering workers and destroying equipment. The trade serves steel mills, glass plants, cement kilns, and other facilities where extreme temperatures are central to production. The work rarely receives attention outside industrial settings.

Practitioners cite the essential nature of the work and the craftsmanship satisfaction as primary rewards. The work directly protects equipment worth millions. The specialized skills provide job security. The pride in work that withstands extreme conditions is tangible. The industrial environment offers variety. Common frustrations include the extreme working conditions near high-temperature equipment and the physical toll of demanding labor. Many find the industry's decline affecting job availability. The dirty, hot conditions are genuinely harsh.

This career requires training through apprenticeship or on-the-job experience in refractory applications. Knowledge of different refractory materials and installation techniques is essential. The role suits those who can handle demanding physical work in harsh conditions. It is poorly suited to those who cannot tolerate heat, find heavy labor unsustainable, or prefer cleaner working environments. Compensation is solid, reflecting the specialized skills and difficult working conditions.

📈Career Progression

1
Entry (10th %ile)
0-2 years experience
$31,130
$28,017 - $34,243
2
Early Career (25th %ile)
2-6 years experience
$35,730
$32,157 - $39,303
3
Mid-Career (Median)
5-15 years experience
$48,410
$43,569 - $53,251
4
Experienced (75th %ile)
10-20 years experience
$62,670
$56,403 - $68,937
5
Expert (90th %ile)
15-30 years experience
$69,990
$62,991 - $76,989

📚Education & Training

Requirements

  • Entry Education: High school diploma or equivalent
  • Experience: Some experience helpful
  • On-the-job Training: Few months to one year

Time & Cost

Education Duration
0-0 years (typically 0)
Estimated Education Cost
$0 - $0
Can earn while learning
Source: college board (2024)

🤖AI Resilience Assessment

AI Resilience Assessment

Default: Moderate AI impact with balanced human-AI collaboration expected

🟡AI-Augmented
Task Exposure
Low

How much of this job involves tasks AI can currently perform

Automation Risk
Low

Likelihood that AI replaces workers vs. assists them

Job Growth
Declining Quickly
-17% over 10 years

(BLS 2024-2034)

Human Advantage
Moderate

How much this role relies on distinctly human capabilities

Sources: AIOE Dataset (Felten et al. 2021), BLS Projections 2024-2034, EPOCH FrameworkUpdated: 2026-01-02

💻Technology Skills

Microsoft OfficeWork order systemsSafety documentationInspection tools

Key Abilities

Arm-Hand Steadiness
Extent Flexibility
Near Vision
Oral Comprehension
Manual Dexterity
Control Precision
Multilimb Coordination
Trunk Strength
Gross Body Equilibrium
Oral Expression

🏷️Also Known As

Bondactor Machine OperatorCell RelinerClay Structure BuilderClay Structure ServicerConcrete Caulking TechnicianCupola RepairerFurnace RepairerHot RepairmanKiln Door BuilderKiln Door Repairer+5 more

🔗Related Careers

Other careers in installation-repair

🔗Data Sources

Last updated: 2025-12-27O*NET Code: 49-9045.00

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